Article: ARM Goes 64-bit
By: Exophase (exophase.delete@this.gmail.com), August 17, 2012 11:44 am
Room: Moderated Discussions
Kenneth Jonsson (kj.delete@this.localhost.org) on August 17, 2012 11:54 am wrote:
> I compiled with
> -O2 (recompiled now and double-checked that -O2 and no -O0 was passed to the
> compiler) and I excluded r13 (stack pointer, which "objdump" show as "sp"), r14
> (link register, shown as "lr") and r15 (program counter, listed as "pc"). The
> compiler is gcc 4.3.3, so not the latest and greatest. I got all this
> information via objdump, sed, sort and uniq and I'm not a expert on sed. But I
> opened the full output from "objdump -d" in emacs to double-check that those
> registers weren't use, only thing I saw with "r11" in was "cr11".
I don't think you caught what Wilco is telling you. Old versions of objdump gave the names "sl", "fp", and "ip" for r10, r11, and r12 respectively. That's almost definitely the reason why you're not seeing them. He also rightfully mentioned that you're unfairly culling R14 ("lr"), since not only is it used as a GPR but it's actually very commonly used for temporaries.
Calling GCC 4.3.3 not the latest and greatest is also a bit of an understatement, GCC 4.4, 4.5, and 4.6 all list major improvements in ARM code quality. This isn't surprising because it was over this period that improvements from Code Sourcery were merged.
I made this blog post several years listing some dynamic usage statistics for GBA games, for ARM and Thumb code separately. Of course the compiler used for these games would have been absolutely ancient, but they probably also had more hand-coded assembly, especially for ARM code. You can read it here:
http://gpsp-dev.blogspot.com/2007/03/register-usage-statistics.html
> I compiled with
> -O2 (recompiled now and double-checked that -O2 and no -O0 was passed to the
> compiler) and I excluded r13 (stack pointer, which "objdump" show as "sp"), r14
> (link register, shown as "lr") and r15 (program counter, listed as "pc"). The
> compiler is gcc 4.3.3, so not the latest and greatest. I got all this
> information via objdump, sed, sort and uniq and I'm not a expert on sed. But I
> opened the full output from "objdump -d" in emacs to double-check that those
> registers weren't use, only thing I saw with "r11" in was "cr11".
I don't think you caught what Wilco is telling you. Old versions of objdump gave the names "sl", "fp", and "ip" for r10, r11, and r12 respectively. That's almost definitely the reason why you're not seeing them. He also rightfully mentioned that you're unfairly culling R14 ("lr"), since not only is it used as a GPR but it's actually very commonly used for temporaries.
Calling GCC 4.3.3 not the latest and greatest is also a bit of an understatement, GCC 4.4, 4.5, and 4.6 all list major improvements in ARM code quality. This isn't surprising because it was over this period that improvements from Code Sourcery were merged.
I made this blog post several years listing some dynamic usage statistics for GBA games, for ARM and Thumb code separately. Of course the compiler used for these games would have been absolutely ancient, but they probably also had more hand-coded assembly, especially for ARM code. You can read it here:
http://gpsp-dev.blogspot.com/2007/03/register-usage-statistics.html
Topic | Posted By | Date |
---|---|---|
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | David Kanter | 2012/08/13 11:04 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | none | 2012/08/13 11:44 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | David Kanter | 2012/08/14 12:04 AM |
MIPS MT-ASE | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/14 08:01 AM |
MONITOR/MWAIT | EduardoS | 2012/08/14 09:08 AM |
MWAIT not specifically MT | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/14 09:36 AM |
MWAIT not specifically MT | EduardoS | 2012/08/15 02:16 PM |
MONITOR/MWAIT | anonymou5 | 2012/08/14 10:07 AM |
MONITOR/MWAIT | EduardoS | 2012/08/15 02:20 PM |
MIPS MT-ASE | rwessel | 2012/08/14 09:14 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | SHK | 2012/08/14 01:01 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | anon | 2012/08/14 01:37 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Richard Cownie | 2012/08/14 02:57 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | anon | 2012/08/14 03:29 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | none | 2012/08/14 03:44 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | anon | 2012/08/14 04:28 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | anon | 2012/08/14 04:32 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | EduardoS | 2012/08/14 05:06 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | none | 2012/08/14 04:40 AM |
AArch64 select better than cmov | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/14 05:08 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | anon | 2012/08/14 05:12 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | none | 2012/08/14 05:25 AM |
Predicated ld/store are useful | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/14 05:48 AM |
Predicated ld/store are useful | none | 2012/08/14 05:56 AM |
Predicated ld/store are useful | anon | 2012/08/14 06:07 AM |
Predicated stores might not be that bad | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/14 06:27 AM |
Predicated stores might not be that bad | David Kanter | 2012/08/15 12:14 AM |
Predicated stores might not be that bad | Michael S | 2012/08/15 10:41 AM |
Predicated stores might not be that bad | R Byron | 2012/08/17 03:09 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | anon | 2012/08/14 05:54 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | none | 2012/08/14 06:04 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | anon | 2012/08/14 06:43 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | EduardoS | 2012/08/14 05:07 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | anon | 2012/08/14 05:20 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | none | 2012/08/14 05:29 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | anon | 2012/08/14 06:00 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Michael S | 2012/08/14 02:43 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Richard Cownie | 2012/08/14 05:53 AM |
OT: Conrad's "Youth" | Richard Cownie | 2012/08/14 06:20 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | EduardoS | 2012/08/14 05:04 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | mpx | 2012/08/14 07:59 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Antti-Ville Tuunainen | 2012/08/14 08:16 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | anonymou5 | 2012/08/14 10:03 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | name99 | 2012/11/17 02:31 PM |
Microarchitecting a counter register | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/11/17 06:37 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | bakaneko | 2012/08/14 03:21 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | name99 | 2012/11/17 02:40 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | EduardoS | 2012/11/17 03:52 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Doug S | 2012/11/17 04:48 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | bakaneko | 2012/11/18 04:40 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Wilco | 2012/11/19 06:59 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | EduardoS | 2012/11/19 07:23 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Wilco | 2012/11/19 08:31 AM |
Downloading µarch-specific binaries? | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/11/19 10:21 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | EduardoS | 2012/11/19 10:41 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Wilco | 2012/11/21 06:44 AM |
JIT vs. static compilation (Was: New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit) | VMguy | 2012/11/22 02:21 AM |
JIT vs. static compilation (Was: New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit) | David Kanter | 2012/11/22 11:12 AM |
JIT vs. static compilation (Was: New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit) | Gabriele Svelto | 2012/11/23 02:50 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | EduardoS | 2012/11/23 09:09 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | EBFE | 2012/11/26 12:24 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Gabriele Svelto | 2012/11/26 02:33 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | EBFE | 2012/11/27 10:17 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Gabriele Svelto | 2012/11/28 01:32 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | EduardoS | 2012/11/26 11:16 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | EBFE | 2012/11/27 11:33 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | EduardoS | 2012/11/28 04:53 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Michael S | 2012/11/28 05:15 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | EduardoS | 2012/11/28 06:33 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Michael S | 2012/11/28 08:16 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | EduardoS | 2012/11/28 08:53 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Eugene Nalimov | 2012/11/28 04:58 PM |
Amazing! | EduardoS | 2012/11/28 06:25 PM |
Amazing! (non-italic response) | EduardoS | 2012/11/28 06:25 PM |
Amazing! | EBFE | 2012/11/28 07:20 PM |
Undefined behaviour doubles down | EduardoS | 2012/11/28 08:10 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | EBFE | 2012/11/28 06:54 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | EduardoS | 2012/11/28 08:21 PM |
Have you heard of Transmeta? | David Kanter | 2012/11/19 02:47 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | bakaneko | 2012/11/19 08:08 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | David Kanter | 2012/11/19 02:40 PM |
Semantic Dictionary Encoding | Ray | 2012/11/19 09:37 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Rohit | 2012/11/20 03:48 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | David Kanter | 2012/11/20 10:07 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Wilco | 2012/11/21 05:41 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | David Kanter | 2012/11/21 09:12 AM |
A JIT example | Mark Roulo | 2012/11/21 09:30 AM |
A JIT example | Wilco | 2012/11/21 06:04 PM |
A JIT example | rwessel | 2012/11/21 08:05 PM |
A JIT example | Gabriele Svelto | 2012/11/23 02:53 AM |
A JIT example | EduardoS | 2012/11/23 09:13 AM |
A JIT example | Wilco | 2012/11/23 12:41 PM |
A JIT example | EduardoS | 2012/11/23 01:06 PM |
A JIT example | Gabriele Svelto | 2012/11/23 03:09 PM |
A JIT example | Symmetry | 2012/11/26 04:58 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Ray | 2012/11/19 09:27 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | David Kanter | 2012/08/14 08:11 AM |
v7-M is Thumb-only | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/14 05:58 AM |
Minor suggested correction | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/14 07:33 AM |
Minor suggested correction | anon | 2012/08/14 07:57 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Exophase | 2012/08/14 07:33 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | David Kanter | 2012/08/14 08:16 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | jigal | 2012/08/15 12:49 PM |
Correction re ARM and BBC Micro | Paul | 2012/08/14 07:59 PM |
Correction re ARM and BBC Micro | Per Hesselgren | 2012/08/15 02:27 AM |
Memory BW so low | Per Hesselgren | 2012/08/15 02:14 AM |
Memory BW so low | none | 2012/08/15 10:16 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | dado | 2012/08/15 09:25 AM |
Number of GPRs | Kenneth Jonsson | 2012/08/16 01:35 PM |
Number of GPRs | Exophase | 2012/08/16 01:52 PM |
Number of GPRs | Kenneth Jonsson | 2012/08/17 01:41 AM |
Ooops, missing link... | Kenneth Jonsson | 2012/08/17 01:44 AM |
64-bit pointers eat some performance | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/17 05:19 AM |
64-bit pointers eat some performance | bakaneko | 2012/08/17 07:37 AM |
Brute force seems to work | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/17 09:08 AM |
Brute force seems to work | bakaneko | 2012/08/17 10:15 AM |
64-bit pointers eat some performance | Richard Cownie | 2012/08/17 07:46 AM |
Pointer compression is atypical | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/17 09:43 AM |
Pointer compression is atypical | Richard Cownie | 2012/08/17 11:57 AM |
Pointer compression is atypical | Howard Chu | 2012/08/22 09:17 PM |
Pointer compression is atypical | Richard Cownie | 2012/08/23 03:48 AM |
Pointer compression is atypical | Howard Chu | 2012/08/23 05:51 AM |
Pointer compression is atypical | Wilco | 2012/08/17 01:41 PM |
Pointer compression is atypical | Richard Cownie | 2012/08/17 03:13 PM |
Pointer compression is atypical | Ricardo B | 2012/08/19 09:44 AM |
Pointer compression is atypical | Howard Chu | 2012/08/22 09:08 PM |
Unified libraries? | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/23 06:49 AM |
Pointer compression is atypical | Richard Cownie | 2012/08/23 07:44 AM |
Pointer compression is atypical | Howard Chu | 2012/08/23 04:17 PM |
Pointer compression is atypical | anon | 2012/08/23 07:15 PM |
Pointer compression is atypical | Howard Chu | 2012/08/23 08:33 PM |
64-bit pointers eat some performance | Foo_ | 2012/08/18 11:09 AM |
64-bit pointers eat some performance | Richard Cownie | 2012/08/18 04:25 PM |
64-bit pointers eat some performance | Richard Cownie | 2012/08/18 04:32 PM |
Page-related benefit of small pointers | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/23 07:36 AM |
Number of GPRs | Wilco | 2012/08/17 05:31 AM |
Number of GPRs | Kenneth Jonsson | 2012/08/17 10:54 AM |
Number of GPRs | Exophase | 2012/08/17 11:44 AM |
Number of GPRs | Kenneth Jonsson | 2012/08/17 12:22 PM |
Number of GPRs | Wilco | 2012/08/17 01:53 PM |
What about dynamic utilization? | Exophase | 2012/08/17 08:30 AM |
Compiler vs. assembly aliasing knowledge? | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/17 09:20 AM |
Compiler vs. assembly aliasing knowledge? | Exophase | 2012/08/17 10:09 AM |
Compiler vs. assembly aliasing knowledge? | anon | 2012/08/18 01:23 AM |
Compiler vs. assembly aliasing knowledge? | Ricardo B | 2012/08/19 10:02 AM |
Compiler vs. assembly aliasing knowledge? | anon | 2012/08/19 05:07 PM |
Compiler vs. assembly aliasing knowledge? | Ricardo B | 2012/08/19 06:26 PM |
Compiler vs. assembly aliasing knowledge? | anon | 2012/08/19 09:03 PM |
Compiler vs. assembly aliasing knowledge? | anon | 2012/08/20 12:59 AM |
Number of GPRs | David Kanter | 2012/08/17 11:46 AM |
RAT issues as part of reason 1 | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/17 01:18 PM |
Number of GPRs | name99 | 2012/11/17 05:37 PM |
Large ARFs increase renaming cost | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/11/17 08:23 PM |
Number of GPRs | David Kanter | 2012/08/16 02:31 PM |
Number of GPRs | Richard Cownie | 2012/08/16 04:17 PM |
32 GPRs ~2-3% | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/16 05:27 PM |
Oops, Message-ID: aaed6e38-c7bd-467e-ba41-f40cf1020e5e@googlegroups.com (NT) | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/16 05:29 PM |
32 GPRs ~2-3% | Exophase | 2012/08/16 09:06 PM |
R31 as SP/zero is kind of neat (NT) | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/17 05:23 AM |
32 GPRs ~2-3% | rwessel | 2012/08/17 07:24 AM |
32 GPRs ~2-3% | Exophase | 2012/08/17 08:16 AM |
32 GPRs ~2-3% | Max | 2012/08/17 03:19 PM |
32 GPRs ~2-3% | name99 | 2012/11/17 06:43 PM |
Number of GPRs | mpx | 2012/08/17 12:11 AM |
Latency and power | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/17 05:54 AM |
Number of GPRs | bakaneko | 2012/08/17 02:09 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Steve | 2012/08/17 01:12 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | David Kanter | 2012/08/19 11:42 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Doug S | 2012/08/19 01:02 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Anon | 2012/08/19 06:16 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Steve | 2012/08/30 06:51 AM |
Scalar vs Vector registers | Robert David Graham | 2012/08/19 04:19 PM |
Scalar vs Vector registers | David Kanter | 2012/08/19 04:29 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Baserock ARM servers | 2012/08/21 03:13 PM |
Baserock ARM servers | Sysanon | 2012/08/21 03:14 PM |
A-15 virtualization and LPAE? | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/21 05:13 PM |
A-15 virtualization and LPAE? | Anon | 2012/08/21 06:13 PM |
Half-depth advantages? | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/21 07:42 PM |
Half-depth advantages? | Anon | 2012/08/22 02:33 PM |
Thanks for the information (NT) | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/22 03:04 PM |
A-15 virtualization and LPAE? | C. Ladisch | 2012/08/23 10:12 AM |
A-15 virtualization and LPAE? | Paul | 2012/08/23 02:17 PM |
Excessive pessimism | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/23 03:08 PM |
Excessive pessimism | David Kanter | 2012/08/23 04:05 PM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Michael S | 2012/08/22 06:12 AM |
BTW, Baserock==product, Codethink==company (NT) | Paul A. Clayton | 2012/08/22 07:56 AM |
New Article: ARM Goes 64-bit | Reinoud Zandijk | 2012/08/21 10:27 PM |